F

Foetus: An unborn animal in the womb at the stage when all structural features are visible, i.e., after eight weeks in humans. Proper monitoring and care of pregnant livestock ensure healthy foetus development and successful births.

Fumigation: Disinfection by means of gas or fumes that penetrate into cracks and holes, a process that is probably more efficient than spraying or scrubbing. Properly managing fumigation practices ensures effective pest control and farm hygiene.

Frugivore: An animal that mainly eats fruit. Many bats and birds are frugivores. Understanding frugivore behavior supports biodiversity and ecological balance on farms.

Flood: A large amount of water covering land that is usually dry, caused by phenomena such as melting snow, heavy rain, high tides, or storms. Managing flood risks and implementing flood control measures help protect farmland and infrastructure.

Flightless Bird: A bird with small wings that cannot fly, e.g., an ostrich or a penguin. Understanding the care and management of flightless birds supports diverse farming operations.

Fennel: An aromatic herb (Foeniculum vulgare) of Mediterranean origin, used to flavour fish dishes and soups. Growing fennel adds diversity to farm crops and can provide culinary and medicinal benefits.

fertigation: The application of fertilizers through an irrigation system. Fertigation can improve nutrient management and crop productivity.

Feed Wheat: Wheat used as an animal feed and not for human consumption. Selecting appropriate feed wheat supports animal nutrition and farm efficiency.

Farm-Scale: Relating to trials or evaluations carried out on farms using regular farming practices rather than on small experimental plots. Farm-scale trials provide realistic data to improve agricultural practices.

Fodder Storage: The storing of fodder for use in winter. Proper fodder storage practices ensure a consistent feed supply for livestock during the winter months.